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London, United Kingdom
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United Kingdom
💡 On April 19, 1839, the major European powers signed the Treaty of London with the United Kingdom of the Netherlands and the Kingdom of Belgium, recognizing and guaranteeing the independence and neutrality of Belgium. The treaty also established the full independence of the German-speaking part of Luxembourg and, under its Article VII, required Belgium to remain perpetually neutral. That neutrality held until the German invasion of 1914.